![]() ![]() The top layer of cells loosens and falls off. Horny layer - stacks of dead cells without nuclei make up the dry or keratinised stratum corneum.Granular layer - flattened cells filled with dark granules containing keratohyaline protein.The structure of the skin is described as a stratified squamous epithelium, referring to the way the cells are built up in layers. Squamous cells - flat epithelial cells found on the skin surface. ![]() Scattered melanocytes are normally found in this layer. Basal layer - the columnar or rectangular cells at the bottom of the epidermis from which new cells are continuously produced.The epidermis also contains pigment cells called melanocytes, which produce melanin, Langerhans cells, which present antigens to the immune system, and Merkel cells, which have a sensory function. The epidermis is a complex ‘brick wall’ made of cells called keratinocytes, which produce a protein called keratin. There is a basement membrane that separates the epidermis from the dermis and acts as a communication channel between the two layers. The skin is considered to have three parts: the outer epidermis, middle dermis and deep subcutaneous tissue. ![]()
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